Association of immune parameters with stress hormone levels in elite sportsmen during the pre-competition training period
Keywords:
Training, cortisol, growth hormone, immune system, lymphocyte subgroupsAbstract
Abstract
This study was performed to determine stress hormone levels and association with immune parameters. Eleven elite basketball players (who mean age of 21.45±1.63 years) and ten elite cyclists (who mean age of 20.00±1.49 years) volunteered for study. Peripheral venous blood samples were drawn at rest during the pre-competition period. Total erythrocyte, leukocyte numbers, Hb and Hematocrit were performed with coulter hematology analyzer. Determination of lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD19+, CD45+) was performed by flowcytometry. Growth hormone and cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay kits. Significance of changes in leukocyte subsets and stress hormones were analysed by using Mann Whitney U test. Assosiations between cell counts and hormone levels were analysed by using Spearman’s correlation analysis.
In professional basketball players Hb and Hct values were higher than the cyclists. Total leukocyte number and granulocyte rate were high in the basketball players and lymphocyte and monocyte rate were high in the cyclists. Growth hormone and cortisol levels were high in the cyclists. CD4+ Thelper/inducer cell numbers were significantly high in the basketball players although CD19+ B cells numbers were high in the cyclists. There were no significant differences in CD3+ total T cells numbers in two groups.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Kaynaklar:
Baj Z, Kantorski J. et all. Immunological status of competitive cyclists before and after the training season. Int J Sports Med.1994 Aug; 15(6): 319-24
Consitt LA, Copeland J et all.: Hormone responses to resistance vs. endurance exercise in premenopausal female. Can J Appl Physiol.2001 Dec; 26(6): 574-87
Cordova A, Sureda A, Tur JA, Pons A: Immune response to exercise in elite sportsmen during the competitive season. J Physiol Biochem. 2010 Mar;66(1):1-6
Dressendorfer RH, Petersen SR. et all: Performance enhancement with maintenance of resting immune ststus intensified cycle training. Clin J Sport Med.2002 Sep;12(5): 301-7
Frugala MS, Kraemer WJ, Denegar CR, et all: Neuroendocrine-immune interactions and responses to exercise. Sports Med.2011 Aug1;41(8): 621-39
Gannon GA, Rhind SG, Suzuki M.: Circulating levels of peripheral blood leucocytes and cytokines following competetive cycling. Can J Appl Physiol.1997Apr; 22(2): 133-47
Green KJ, Rowbottom DG, Mackinnon LT: Acute exercise and T-lymphocyte expression of the early activation marker CD69. Med Sci Sports Exerc.2003 Apr;35(4): 582-8
Khan AS, Sane DC, wannenburg T, Sonntag WE: Growth hormone, IGF-1 and the aging cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res 2002Apr, 54(1): 25-35
Khanfer R, Lord JM, Phillips AC: Neutrophil function and cortisol: DHEAS ratio in bereaved older adults. Brain Behav Immun.2011 Aug;25(6): 1182-6
Mignini F, Traini E, Tomassoni D et all: Leucocyte subset redistribution in a human model of physical stress. Clin Exp Hypertens.2008 Nov;30(8):720-31
Nielsen HB, Secher NH, Kappel M, Hanel B, Pedersen BK: Lymphocyte, NK and LAK cell responses to maximal exercise. Int J Sports Med.1996 Jan; 17(1): 60-5
Nieman DC: Exercise, infection, and immunity. Int J Sports Med1994 Oct; 15 Suppl 3: s131-41.
Nieman DC, Pedersen BK: Exercise and immune function. Recent developments. Sports Med.1999 Feb; 27(2):73-80
Nieman DC: Exercise immunulogy: nutritional countermeasures.Can J Appl Physiol. 2001; 26 Suppl: S45-55
Rhind SG, Gannon GA, Shek P: Contribution of exertional hypertermia to sympathoadrenal-mediated lymphocyte subset redistribution. J Appl Physiol. 1999; 87: 1178-1185
Shek PN, Sabiston BH, Buguet A: Strenuous exercise and immunological changes. Int J Sports Med. 1995Oct; 16(7):466-74
Shephard RJ, Rhind S, Shek PN: Exercise and immune system. Natural killer cells, interleukins and related responses. Sports Med. 1994 Nov; 18(5): 340-69
Singh A, Zelazowska EB.et all: Lymphocyte subset responses to exercise and glucocorticoid supression in healty men. Med Sci Sports Exerc.1996 Jul;28(7): 822-8
Stokes KA, Nevill ME et all.: The time course of the human growth hormone response to a 6 s and a 30 s cycle ergometer sprint. J Sports Sci.2002 Jun; 20(6): 487-94
Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Shephard RJ, et all: Position statement. Part one: Immune function and exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev.2011;17: 6-63
Wittert GA, Livesey JH, Espiner EA: Adaptation of the hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis chronic exercise stress in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc.1996 Aug;28(8): 1015-19
Viru AM, Hackney AC, Volja E: Influence of prolonged exercise on hormone responses to subsequent exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001 Oct, 85(6): 578-85
Van der Pompe G, Bernards N, Kavelears A: An exploratory study into the effect of exhausting bicycle exercise on endocrine and immune responses in post-menopausal woman Int J Sports Med.2001 Aug; 22(6): 447-53
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors can retain copyright, while granting the journal right of first publication. Alternatively, authors can transfer copyright to the journal, which then permits authors non-commercial use of the work, including the right to place it in an open access archive. In addition, Creative Commons can be consulted for flexible copyright licenses.
©1999 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
