Disaster crises management in Turkey: 1999 Marmara earthquake case
Keywords:
Disaster, earthquake, the Marmara earthquake, risk management, disaster management.Abstract
Earthquakes are one of the major disasters that require a holistic approach in crisis management strategies owing to their devastating effects. However, the continuing incapability of some countries learning from earthquakes poses a major policy problem for disaster reduction and response. Up until the Marmara Earthquake, Turkey was one of these countries. This paper examines the conditions and characteristics contributing to the massive 1999 Marmara earthquake that devastated the country in a large scale and resulted in many casualties, never seen before in its history. It also focuses on the response of the government to this earthquake and lessons learnt from the disaster in terms of preparedness as well as processes of mitigation, response and recovery. It tries to explain the conditions that lead to changes in a wide range of areas from insurance of buildings to their construction standards realized by the government in order to reduce its vulnerability to future disasters. Özet Depremler, yıkıcı etkilerinin büyüklüğü nedeniyle kriz yönetimi stratejilerinde bütüncül yaklaşımı gerektiren en önemli doğal afetlerden birisidir. Bununla beraber, bazı ülkelerin meydana gelen daha önceki depremlerden gerekli dersleri çıkarma konusundaki yetersizlikleri, bu tür doğal afetlere karşı hazırlıklı olma ve felaketin yıkıcı etkilerini minimuma indirme konusunda ciddi bir politika eksikliğine işaret etmektedir. Marmara Depremine kadar Türkiye’ de bu ülkelerden birisiydi. Bu makale, tarihte görülmedik derecede yıkıcı olan ve pekçok insanın hayatını kaybetmesine yol açan 1999 Marmara Depreminin koşullarını ve karakteristik özelliklerini incelemektedir. Makale, devletin sözkonusu depreme yaklaşımını ve bundan sonra gerçekleşebilecek muhtemel depremlere hazırlık ve etkilerini minimuma indirme anlamında bu depremden öğrenilen derslere de odaklanmaktadır. Bu makale ayrıca, olası bir depreme hazır olma mahiyetinde; deprem sigortası yaptırma mecburiyetinden, bina yapımına getirilen standartlara kadar pek çok alanda devlet tarafından hayata geçirilen yenilikleri de açıklamaya çalışmaktadır.Downloads
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