Analyzing the relationship between social networking addiction, interaction anxiousness and levels of loneliness of pre-service teachers <p> Öğretmen adaylarının sosyal ağ bağımlılığı, etkileşim kaygısı ve yalnızlık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
Keywords:
Social networking addiction, interaction anxiousness, loneliness, pre-service teacherAbstract
In this research, it was aimed to analyze the social networking addiction of pre-service teachers in terms of various variables and evaluate the relationship between social networking addiction and loneliness and interaction anxiousness. The research was designed according to the relational screening model. The study sample included 349 pre-service teachers studying at Trakya University Faculty of Education in 2012-2013 academic year fall term. The data were obtained using Facebook Addiction Scale, Interaction Anxiousness Scale, the UCLA-Loneliness Scale III and personal information form. In analysis of data, descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U-Test, Kruskal-Wallis H and correlation tests were benefited. The research findings revealed that social networking addiction of pre-service teachers was at a low level, the relationship between interaction anxiousness and social networking addiction was high, and the relationship between the level of loneliness and social networking addiction was at a mid-level. Moreover, in the research a statistically significant difference was obtained between the variables of social networking addiction and frequency of using social networking, gender and the level of grade they study.
Bu araştırmada, öğretmen adaylarının sosyal ağ sitesi bağımlılık durumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi, sosyal ağ sitesi bağımlılığı ile yalnızlık ve etkileşim kaygısı arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline göre desenlenmiştir. Çalışma örneklemini, 2012-2013 öğretim yılı güz döneminde Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 349 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, Facebook Bağımlılık Ölçeği, Etkileşim Kaygısı Ölçeği, UCLA-Yalnızlık Ölçeği III ve kişisel bilgiler formu ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H ve korelasyon testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, öğretmen adaylarının sosyal ağ sitesi bağımlılıklarının düşük düzeyde olduğunu, etkileşim kaygısı ile sosyal ağ sitesi bağımlılığı arasında yüksek düzeyde bir ilişki olduğunu ve yalnızlık düzeyi ile sosyal ağ sitesi bağımlılığı arasında ise orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğun göstermiştir. Araştırmada ayrıca, sosyal ağ sitesi bağımlılığı ile sosyal ağ sitesi kullanım sıklığı, cinsiyet ve öğrenim görülen sınıf düzeyi değişkenleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Abhijit, N. (2011). Facebook Addiction. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/facebook-addiction.html web adresinden 21.05.2013, tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Acier, D., & Kern, L. (2010). Problematic Internet use: perceptions of addiction counselors. Computers & Education, 56, 983–989.
Akbulut, Y. & Eristi, B. (2011). Cyberbullying and victimization among Turkish university students. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 7(27), 1155-1170.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Are you suffering from (fad) facebook addiction disorder. (2010, November 8). http://www.fbdetox.com/2010/11/08/are-you-suffering-from-fad-facebook-addiction-disorder/. web adresinden 11.04.2013, tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Balcı, A. (2004). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
Berigel, M., Kokoç, M., & Karal, H. (2012). Exploring pre-service teachers’ level of social networking sites addictive tendencies. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research [Egitim Arastirmalari], 49/A, 215-228.
Caplan, S. E. (2005). A social skill account of problematic Internet use. Journal of Communication, 4(55), 721-736.
Chou, C., Condron, L., & Belland, J. C. (2005). A review of the research on Internet addiction. Educational Psychology Review, 17(4), 363-388.
Ceyhan, E. (2010). Problemli Internet kullanım düzeyi üzerinde kimlik statüsünün, Internet kullanım amacının ve cinsiyetin yordayıcılığı. [Predictiveness of identity status, main Internet use purposes and gender on university students’ the problematic Internet use]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri [Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice], 10(3), 1323–1355.
Ceyhan, E., Ceyhan, A. A. & Gürcan, A. (2007). Problemli İnternet kullanımı ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. [The validity and reliability of the problematic Internet usage scale]. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice [Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri-KUYEB Dergisi], 7(1), 387-416.
Çam, E., & İşbulan, O. (2012). A new addiction for teacher candidates: social networks. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(3), 14-19.
Çuhadar, C. (2012). Exploration of problematic Internet use and social interaction anxiety among Turkish pre-service teachers. Computers & Education 59, 173–181.
Das, B., & Sahoo, J. S. (2011). Social Networking Sites – A Critical Analysis of Its Impact on Personal and Social Life. International Journal of Business and Social Science 2(14), 222-228.
Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive behavioral model of pathological internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 187-195.
Durak, M., & Senol-Durak, E. (2010). Psychometric Qualities of the UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 as Applied in a Turkish Culture. Educational Gerontology, 36(10), 988-1007. dio: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601271003756628
Echeburua, E., & de Corral, P. (2010). Addiction to new technologies and to online social networking in young people: A new challenge. Adicciones, 22, 91-95.
Erdoğan, Y. (2008). Exploring the relationships among Internet usage, Internet attitudes and loneliness of Turkish adolescents. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 2(2).
Facebook (2013, Mayıs). Statistics. http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics web adresinden 21.05.2013, tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Hew, K. (2011). Students’ and teachers’ use of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 662–676.
Joinson, A. (2001). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: the role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 177-192.
İşbulan, O. (2011). Opinions of university graduates about social networks according to their personal characteristics. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(2), 184-189.
Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar-İlkeler-Teknikler, (15.Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
Kabilan, M. K., Ahmad N. & Abidin, M. J. Z. (2010). Facebook: An online environment for learning of English in institutions of higher education? The Internet and Higher Education, 13(4), 179 – 187.
Kim, H., & Davis, K. E. (2009). Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use: evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 490–500.
Kim, W., Jeong, O. R., & Lee, S. W. (2010). On social web sites. Information Systems, 35(2), 215-236.
Koç, M. (2011). Internet addiction and psychopathology. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(1), 143-148.
Karaiskos, D., Tzavellas, E., Balta, G., & Paparrigopoulos, T. (2010). Social network addiction: A new clinical disorder? European Psychiatry, 25, 855. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(10)70846-4
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M.D. (2011). Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8, 3528-3552.
Lampe, C., Ellison, N. & Steinfield, C. (2006). A face (book) in the crowd: social searching vs. social browsing. Proceedings of the 20th Anniversary Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
Lin, H.Y., & Lu, K.P. (2011). Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1152-1161.
Lou, L. L, Yan, Z., Nickerson, A., & McMorris, R (2012). An Examination of the Reciprocal Relationship of Loneliness and Facebook Use among First-Year College Students. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 46(1), 105-117.
Mazhari, S. (2012). The prevalence of problematic internet use and the related factors in medical students, Kerman, Iran. Addict & Health, 3-4(4), 87-94.
Monitera (12, Şubat, 2013). 2013 Twitter Türkiye Profili. http://blog.monitera.com/2013/02/2013-twitter-turkiye-profili.html web adresinden 27.06.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Mooney, Carla. (2009). Online social networking. D. A. Miller (Ed.). New York, NY: Gale Cengage Learning.
Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (2003). Loneliness and social uses of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 19, 659–671.
Odacı, H., & Kalkan, M. (2010). Problematic Internet use, loneliness and dating anxiety among young adult university students. Computers & Education, 55, 1091–1097.
Öztürk, Ö., Odabaşıoğlu, G., Eraslan, D., Genç, Y., & Kalyoncu, Ö. A. (2007). Internet addiction: clinical aspects and treatment strategies. Journal of Dependence, 8, 36–41.
Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (Eds.) (1982). Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Pelling, E. L., & White, K. M. (2009). The theory of planned behavior applied to young people's use of social networking Web sites. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(6), 755-759.
Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227-238.
Pierce, T. (2009). Social anxiety and technology: face-to-face communication versus technological communication among teens. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 1367–1372.
PRLog (2012, Sep, 10). Statistics show real social media addiction. http://www.prlog.org/11971493-statistics-show-real-social-media-addiction.html web adresinden 21.06.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Quintly (2013, June). Facebook Country Stats. http://www.quintly.com/facebook-country-statistics/turkey/?period=1month web adresinden 27.06.2013 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Rubin, A. M. (2002). The uses-and-gratifications perspective of media effects. In J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (2nd ed.,pp. 525-548). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Russell, B. C., Randall, E. O., Brian, K. M., & Crystal, D. O. (2013). Loneliness, anxiousness, and substance use as predictors of Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior 3(29), 687–693.
Ryan, T., & Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5),1658–1664. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004
Savaş, A. C. ve Hamamcı, Z. (2010). Okullarda rehberlik hizmetlerinin internet üzerinden yürütülmesine ilişkin veli, öğrenci ve psikolojik danışmanların görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, 147-158.
Schlenker, B. R. & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: a conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 641-669.
Sheeks, M. & Birchmeier, Z. (2007). Shyness, sociability, and the use of computer-mediated communication in relationship development. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 10(1), 64–70.
Sheldon, P. (2008). The relationship between unwillingness-to-communicate and students’ Facebook use. Journal of Media Psychology, 20, 67–75.
Sheldon P. (2012). Profiling the non-users: Examination of life-position indicators, sensation seeking, shyness, and loneliness among users and non-users of social network sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 28 (2012), 1960–1965. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.016
Shepherd, R. M., & Edelmann, R. J. (2005). Reasons for Internet use and social anxiety. Personality & Individual Differences, 39, 949–958.
Skues, L. J., Williams, B., & Wise, L. (2012). The effects of personality traits, self-esteem, loneliness, and narcissism on Facebook use among university students. Computers in Human Behavior 28 (2012), 2414–2419. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.012
Socialbakers (2013, April). Local/Regional Reports. http://www.socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics/turkey web adresinden 03.04.2013, tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Sübaşı, G. (2003). Etkileşim kaygısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. [The development of interaction anxiousness scale: studies on the validity and reliability of the scale]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. [Journal of Turkish Psychological & Guidance], 2(19), 35–40.
Sübaşı, G. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal kaygıyı yordayıcı bazı değişkenler. [Some variables for social anxiety prediction in college students]. Eğitim ve Bilim [Education & Science], 32(144), 3–15.
Stephen Marche (2012, May). Is Facebook Making Us Lonely? http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/05/is-facebook-making-us-lonely/308930/ web adresinden 07.05.2013, tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Şahin, Y. G., Balta, S., & Ercan, T. (2010). The use of Internet resources by university students during their course project selicitation: a case study. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2(9), 234-244.
Şahin, H., İşleyen, F. ve Özdemir, S. (2012). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin romantik ilişki durumları ve sosyal ağ kullanımlarına göre etkileşim kaygısı ve sosyal destek algılarının incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 25-36.
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu- TÜİK (16, Ağustos, 2012). 2012, Hane halkı bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=10880 web adresinden 05.11.2012, tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Wan, C. (2009). Gratifications & loneliness as predictors of campus-sns websites addiction&usage pattern among Chinese college students. M.S. Thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong: Hong Kong, China. http://pg.com.cuhk.edu.hk/pgp_nm/projects/2009/Wan%20Sisi%20Candy.pdf web adresinden 05.04.2013, tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Warschauer, M. (2009). Foreword. In M. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of research on web 2.0 and second language learning. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.
Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation, MIT Press: Cambridge.
Widyanto, L., & Griffiths, M.D. (2006). Internet addiction: A critical review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 4, 31-51.
Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., & White, K. (2010). Psychological predictors of young adults' use of social networking sites. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 13(2), 173-177.
Yıldız, M. C. ve Bölükbaş, K. (2005). İnternet kafeler, gençlik ve sosyal sapma, İnternet ve toplum. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
Young K. (1996). Internet Addiction; the emergence of new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1, 237-244.
Young, K. S., & Rogers, R. C. (1998) The relationship between depression and Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1, 25–28.
Zhou, S. X. (2012). Gratifications, loneliness, leisure boredom and self-esteem as predictors of SNS-game addiction and usage pattern among Chinese college students. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 2(4), 34-48. http://www.irma-international.org/viewtitle/75170/ web adresinden 08.04.2013, tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors can retain copyright, while granting the journal right of first publication. Alternatively, authors can transfer copyright to the journal, which then permits authors non-commercial use of the work, including the right to place it in an open access archive. In addition, Creative Commons can be consulted for flexible copyright licenses.
©1999 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
