The sources of self-esteem: Initating and maintaining romantic intimacy at emerging adulthood in Turkey
Keywords:
adolescence, emerging adulthood, relation, relationship quality, romantic intimacy, self-esteemAbstract
This study examines the relationship of emerging adults’ in initiating and maintaining romantic intimacy with sub-dimensions and explores the extent that self-esteem in emerging adults could explain the initiation and maintenance of a romantic relationship. The participants included 136 male and 106 female totaling 242 university students. In order to collect data, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Markers of Starting Romantic Intimacy Scale and Quality of Relationship Inventory were used. According to the results, emerging adults perceived both having markers of starting romantic intimacy and the positive quality of relationship as significant sources for their self-esteem. The results of the present study emphasize the significance of self-esteem for starting and maintaining romantic intimacy.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of develop¬ment from the late teens through the twenties. American Psy¬chologist, 55, 469-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence to midlife. Journal of Adult De¬velopment, 8, 133–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026450103225
Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford Univer¬sity Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195309379.003.0010.
Baumeister, R. F.; Campbell, J. D.; Krueger, J. I.; Vohs, K. D. (2003). "Does High Self-Esteem Cause Better Performance, Interpersonal Success, Happiness, or Healthier Lifestyles?". Psychological Science in the Public Interest 4 (1): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.01431
Baumeister, Roy F., Smart, L. & Boden, J. (1996). "Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of self-esteem". Psychological Review, 103, 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5
Bradbury, T.N. Cohan, C.L. & Karney, B.R. (1998). Optimizing longitudinal research for understanding and preventing marital dysfunction. In: T.N. Bradbury, Editor, The developmental course of marital dysfunction, Cambridge University Press, New York . http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511527814.011
Brown, B.B. ; Feiring,C. and Furman, W. (1999) Missing the love boat: Why researchers have shied away from adolescent romance. In: W. Furman, B.B. Brown and C. Feiring, Editors, The development of romantic relationships in adolescence, Cambridge University Press, New York pp. 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551963.016
Cain, D. (1988). Divorce among elderly women: A growing so¬cial phenomenon. Social Casework, 69, 563–568. Casper, L. M., & Bianchi, S. M. (2002). Continuity and change in the american family. Thousand Oaks: Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCOL052184648X.004
Collins, W.A. & Sroufe, A.(1999),.Capacity for intimate relationships: a developmental construction W. Furman, B. Brown, C. Feiring (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence, Cambridge University Press, NY pp. 125–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042192-199902040-00032
Connely, J., & Goldberg, A. (1999). Romantic relationships in adolescence: The role of friends and peers in the emergence and developmant. In W. Furman, B. B. Brown, & C. Feiring, (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescen¬ce (pp. 266-290). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002005.
Corcoran, K., & Fischer, J. (2000). Measures for clinical practice: A sourcebook (1). New York, NY: The Free Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.61.1.7
Collins,W.A. & Steinberg, L. (2006). Adolescent development in interpersonal context N. Eisenberg, W. Damon, R.M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed.), John Wiley, NY (2006), pp. 1003–1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0316.
Cramer, D. (1993). Perceived and desired facilitativeness of one’s closest friend, need for approval and self-esteem. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 66, 97-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01731.x
Cramer, D. (2009). Self-esteem, demand for approval and the facilitativeness of a romantic relationship. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 37 ( 2), 169-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069880902728606
Donnellan, B., Fitzgerald, B., Lake, B. & Sturdy, J. (2005) Implementing an Open Source Knowledge Base. IEEE Software, 22(6), 92-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MS.2005.155
Eryılmaz and Atak (2011). Investigation of Starting Romantic Intimacy in Emerging Adulthood in terms of Self-Esteem, Gender and Gender Roles Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice - 11(2) 595-600.
Eryılmaz, A., & Atak, H. (2009). Ready or not? Markers of starting romantic intimacy at emerging adulthood: Turkish experience. International Journal of Social Science, 4 (1), 31-38.
Feiring, C. (1996) Concepts of romance in 15-year-old adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 6 , 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01993439
Fischer, C.T. & Alapack, R.A. (1987). A phenomenological approach to adolescence. In: L. van Hassellt, Editor, Handbook of adolescence psychology, Wiley, New York , pp. 91–10http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199402000-000169.
Fisher , H.E (1998) Lust, attraction, and attachment in mammalian reproduction, Human Nature 9, pp. 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-998-1010-5.
Fisher, H.E. (2006). Broken hearts: The nature and risks of romantic rejection. In: A.C. Crouter and A. Booth, Editors, Romance and sex in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Risks and opportunities, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-998-1010-5.
Fisher, H.E. ,Aron,A.. Mashek, D. Li,H. and Brown, L.L. (2002). Defining the brain systems of lust, romantic attraction, and attachment, Archives of Sexual Behavior 31 , pp. 413–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019888024255.
Furman, W., & Schaffer, L. (2003). The role of romantic re¬lationships in adolescent development. In P. Florsheim (Ed.), Adolescent romantic relations and sexual behavior: Theory, Research, and practical ımplications (pp. 4-22). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551963.016.
Furman, W. ; Brown, B.B. and Feiring, C. (1999) The development of romantic relationships in adolescence, Cambridge University Press, New York.http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551963.016
Furman,W & Wehner,E.A. (1994) Romantic views: towards a theory of adolescent romantic relationships. R. Montemayor, G.R. Adams (Eds.), Personal relationships during adolescence, Sage, CA pp. 168–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551963.016
Furman,W and Wehner, E.A. (1997) Adolescent romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. In: S. Shulman and W.A. Collins, Editors, Romantic relationships in adolescence: Developmental perspectives, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp. 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511551963.016
Gottman, J.M. & Levenson, R.W. (2000). The timing of divorce: Predicting when a couple will divorce over a 14-year period, Journal of Marriage and the Family 62, pp. 737–745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00737.x
Gray, M.R. & Steinberg, L. (1999). Adolescent romance and parent-child relationship: A contextual perspective. In: W. Furman, B.B. Brown and C. Feiring, Editors, The development of romantic relationships in adolescence, Cambridge University Press, New York , pp. 235–265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00003-3
Hally, C. R., & Pollack, R. (1993). The effects of self-esteem, ariety of sexual experience, and erotophilia on sexual satisfac¬tion in sexually active heterosexuals. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy, 19, pp. 183-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199607000-00007
Hatfield, E. (1988) Passionate and companionate love R.J. Sternberg, M.L. Barnes (Eds.), The psychology of love, Yale University Press, CT ,pp. 191–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J056v01n01_04
Hinde, R.A(1997) Relationships a dialectical perspective, Psychology Press, Hove, East Sussex. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00074.x
Karakurt,G. (2001) The Impact of adult attechment styles on romantic jeaolusy, Unpublished Master Thesis. METU Ankara.
Laursen, B. (1993). The perceived impact of conflict on adolescent relationships, Merrill-Palmer-Quarterly 39, pp. 535–550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0501_3
Meador, B. D., & Rogers, C.R. (1979). Person-centered therapy. In R.J. Corsini clinical assesment instruments. Psychological Assessment,7, pp.286-299.(Ed.),Currentpsychotherapies (pp. 131-184). Itasca, IL: Peacock.New York: Mcgraw-Hill. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03490010037012
Özabacı, N (2011) . The Development of Relationship Quality Scale. Eğitim ve Bilim (Education and Science) 36 (162) .
Perry, D.G., Perry,L.C. & Kennedy, E. (1992). Conflict and the development of antisocial behavior. In: C.U. Shantz and W.W. Hartup, Editors, Conflict in child and adolescent development, Cambridge University Press, New York . http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1974.tb00508.x
Pettijohn, T. F., Naples, G. M., & McDermott, L. A. (2010). Gender, college year, and romantic relationship status differen¬ces in embarrassment and self attitudes of college students. In¬dividual Differences Research, 8 (3), pp. 164-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2011.22012
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/276755.276768
Sanderson, C.A. and Cantor, N. (1995)Social dating goals in late adolescence: implications for safer sexual activity, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68 pp. 1121–1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1121
Scharff, J.S. & Scharff, D.E. (2004). Object relations couple therapy, American Journal of Psychotherapy 51 (141), p. 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aps.72
Selman, R.L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding: Developmental and clinical analyses, Academic Press, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(81)90034-4
Shaver,P. ,Hazan,C and Bradshaw, D. (1988) Love as attachment: The integration of three behavioral systems. In: R.J. Sternberg and M. Barnes, Editors, Anatomy of love, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT pp. 68–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1996.tb00105.x
Shulman, S.; Mayes, L.C., Cohen, T.H.; Swain,J.E. and Leckman, J.F.(2008). Romantic attraction and conflict negotiation among late adolescent and early adult romantic couples . Journal of Adolescence, 31, ( 6), pp.729-745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.02.002
Shulman,S & Scharf, M. (2000) Adolescent romantic behaviours and perceptions: age-related differences and links with family and peer relationships. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10 pp. 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/SJRA1001_5
Sprecher, S.& Hendrick, S. (2004). Self –disclosure in intimate relationships: Associations with individualand relationship characteristics over time. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 836-856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.6.857.54803
Tolman,D.L. (2002) Dilemmas of desire: teenage girls talk about sexuality Harvard University Press, MA . http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J015V11N03_04
Webster, G. D. (2007). Is the relationship between self-esteem and physical aggression necessarily U-shaped? Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 977–982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.01.001
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors can retain copyright, while granting the journal right of first publication. Alternatively, authors can transfer copyright to the journal, which then permits authors non-commercial use of the work, including the right to place it in an open access archive. In addition, Creative Commons can be consulted for flexible copyright licenses.
©1999 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
