The power of informal communication and perceived organizational support on energy at work and extra-role behavior: A survey on teachers
Keywords:
Extra-Role Bahavior, Energy at Work, Informal Communication, Perceived Organizational Support, TeachersAbstract
This research studies the effect of energy at work, internal-external informal communication and perceived organisational support on extra role behaviour. The population of survey included teachers (479 teachers at 25 elementary and middle schools) at The Ministry of National Education located in the Burdur in Turkey. Research method is a survey with a questionnaire and participants has been reached with the convenience sampling method. Two model (purposed and revised) was examined by structural equation model approach. According to the findings, internal informal communication increases energy at work, and therefore, energy at work has a considerably positive effect on extra role behaviour. Besides that, perceived organisational support has seriously positive effect on internal informal communication. As inferred from these findings, the increase of perceived organisational support will also increase internal informal communication, and the increase of communication will enable lecturers to be more energetic, and hence, such energy will trigger lecturers to make extra efforts for their organizations.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Akintunde, S., Selbar, J. J. (1995). Intra-organizational communication: a comparative study of two Nigerian university libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 27, 33-45. doi: 10.1177/096100069502700105
Albrecht, T.L., Hall, B.J. (1991). Facilitating talk about newideas: the role of personal relationships in organizational innovation. Communication Monographs, 58(3), 273- 288. doi: 10.1080/03637759109376230
Amabile, T. M. (1997). Motivating creativity in organizations: On doing what you love and loving what you do. California Management Review, Vol. 40 pp. 39−58.
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity and Innovation in Organizations. Harward Business School. January, 5, 1-15.
Atwater, L., Carmeli A. (2009). Leader–member exchange, feelings of energy, and involvement increative work. The Leadership Quarterly, 20, 264-275. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.07.009
Baker J.S., Jones M. A. (1996). The Poison Grapevine: Destructive Are Gossip In The Workplace? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 7(1), 75-86. doi:10.1002/hrdq.3920070108
Blau, P. M., (2009). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
Campbell, D. E., Campbell T. A. (1988). A New Look At Informal Communication: The Role of The Physical Environment. Environment and Behavior, 20, 211-226., doi: 10.1177/0013916588202005
Cardona, P., Lawrence, B.S., Bentler, P.M. (2004). The Influence of Social and Work Exchange Relationships on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Group and Organization Management, 29, 219–247. doi: 10.1177/1059601103257401
Coelho, F., Augusto, M., Lages L. F. (2011). Contextual Factors and the Creativity of Frontline Employees: The Mediating Effects of Role Stress and Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Retailing, 87(1), 31-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jretai.2010.11.004
Cole, M. S., Bruch H., & Vogel B. (2012). Energy at Work: A Measurement Validation and Linkage to Unit Effectiveness. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 445-267. doi: 10.1002/job.759
Cross R., Baker W. & Parker A. (2003). What Creates Energy In Organizations? MIT Sloan Management Review, 44, 51-56. doi: 10.1002/job.759
Driskill, L.P. & Goldstein J. R. (1986). Uncertainty: Theory and Practice in Organizational Communication. Journal of Business Communication, 23(3), 41-56. doi: 10.1177/002194368602300304
Dutton, J. E. (2003). Energize your workplace: How to build and sustain high-quality relationships at work. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Dutton, J. E., & Heaphy, E. D. (2003). The power of high-quality connections at work. (Ed.) K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship (263−278). San Francisco:
Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Edelman Trust Barometer. (2012). Edelman Trust Barometer: Executive summary. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/79026497/2012-Edelman-Trust-Barometer-Executive-Summary
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., Davis-LaMastro, V. (1990). Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Diligence, Commitment, and Innovation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), 51-59.
Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social Exchange Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.2 pp 335-362.
Fay M. J. (2011). Informal communication of co-workers: a thematic analysis of messages. Qualitative Research in Organization and Management an International Journal, 6(3), 212-229. doi: 10.1108/17465641111188394
Fay M.J., Kline S.L. (2012). The Influence of Informal Communication on Organizational Identification and Commitment in the Context of High Intensity Telecommuting. Southern Communication Journal, 77(1), 61-76. doi:10.1108/17465641111188394
Fuller, J., Brian, H., Kim, B., Tim,F., Len, R., C., (2006). Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived External Prestige: Predicting Organizational Attachment for University Faculty, Staff, and Administrators, The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(3), 327–347
Gelfand, M. J., Major V.S. Raver JL., Nishii L.H., O’Brien K. (2006). Negotiating relationally The Dynamics of the relational self in negotions. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), 427-451.
Glower, L. (2011). Can informal social relations help explain workers' reactions to managerial interventions? Some case evidence from a study of quality management. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 32, 357-378.
Gouldner, A. W., (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement, American Sociological Review, 25,161-178.
Jaffee, D. (2001). Organization Theory: Tension and Change. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Johnson, J. D., Donohue W. A., Atkin C. K., Johnson S. (1994). Differences between Formal and Informal Communication Channels. The Journal of Business Communication, 31(2), 111-122. doi: 10.1177/002194369403100202
Johnson, J. D. (1990). Effects of Communicative Factors on Participation in Innovations. Journal of Business Communication, 27, 7-24. doi: 10.1177/002194369002700102
Johnson, J. D. (1993). Organizational communication structure. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Hayton, J. C. Carnabuci, G. & Eisenberger, R. (2012). With a little help from my colleagues: A social embeddedness approach to perceived organizational support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 235–249. doi: 10.1002/job.755
Hofmann, D. A., Morgeson, F. P. (1999). Safety Related Behavior as a Social Exchange: The Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Leader Member Exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(4), 286-296.
Kilinc, K. U. (2011). Şikayet Yönetimi: Müşteri – İşgören Etkişiminde Sözsüz İletişim. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Turizm İşletmeciliği Anabilim Dalı Basılmamış Doktora Tezi.
Kraut, R.E., Lewis S.H., Swezey L.W. (1982). Listener Responsiveness and the Coordination of Conversation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 718-731. doi:10.1.1.141.6897
Lunenburg, F.C. (2010). Communication: The process, barriers and improving effectiveness. Schooling, 1(1), 1-11.
Lynch, P. D., Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S. (1999). Perceived Organizational Support: Inferior versus Superior Performance by Wary Employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(4), 467-483. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.84.4.467
Matthews L.J., Crow G. M. (2010). The principalship: New roles in a professional learning communication. Boston. Pearson.
McDaniel, D. M. (2011). Energy at Work: A Multinational, cross-situational ınvestigation of relational energy. Dissertation Publishing. USA.
McKibben, E. (2008). Smile, but don’t wear yourself out doing so: emotional labor, ego deplation, customer anger and performance over time. Graduate School of Clemson University. Dissertation Publishing. USA.
Memduhoğlu, H. B., Saylık A. (2012). Okullarda Informel Ilişkiler Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi and Bazi Değişkenler Açisindan Incelenmesi. YYÜ, Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012, 9(1), 1-21.
Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W. & Barret, K. C., (2004). Spss for Introductory Statistics: Use and Interpretation. Second Edition. London, Lawrance ErlbaumAssociates.
Nyberg, M., Olsen T. D. (2010). Meals at work: integrating social and architectural aspects. International Journal of Workplace Health Management 3(3), 222-232. doi:10.1108/17538351011078956
Newman, A. H. (2014). An Investigation of How Informal Communication of Firm Preferences Influences Managerial Honesty. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 39, 195-207. doi: 10.1016/j.aos.2014.02.004
Organ, D. W., Konovsky, M. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 157-164. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157
Orpen, C., (2001). The Effects of Exchange Ideology on the Relationship between Percieved Organizational Support & Job Performance. The Journal of Social Phycology, 134(3), 407-408.
Özdaşlı, K., Kanten, P., Alparslan, A. M., (2013). Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Proaktif Davranışlar Üzerindeki Etkisi, 21. Yönetim and Organizasyon Kongresi, Kütahya.
Postmes, T., Tanis M., Wit B., (2001). Communication and Commitment in Organizations: A Social Identity Approach Group Processes. Intergroup Relations, 4, 227-246. doi: 10.1177/1368430201004003004
Glower, L. (2011). Can Informal Social Relations Help Explain Workers' Reactions To Managerial Interventions? Some Case Evidence from a Study of Quality Management. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 32, 357-378.
Paille, P., Bourdeau, L. (2010). Support, Trust, Satisfaction, Intent to Leave and Citizenship at Organisational Level: A Social Exchange Approach, International Journal of Organisational Analysis, 18, 41–58. doi: 10.1108/19348831011033203
Piercy, N. F., Cravens, D. W., Lane, N., Vorhies, D. W., (2006). Driving Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Salesperson In-Role Behavior Performance: The Role of Management Control and Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 34(2), 244-262. doi: 10.1177/0092070305280532
Reis, H. T., Gable, S. L. (2003). Toward a positive psychology of relationships. (Ed.) C. L. Keyes & J. Haidt, Flourishing: The positive person and the good life Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 129−159.
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. 2002. Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714
Settoon, R. P. Bennett, N., Liden, R. C. (1996). Social Exchange in Organizations: Perceived Organizational Support, Leader-Member Exchange, and Employee Reciprocity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(3), 219-227
Shore, L. M., Tetrick, L. E. (1991). A Construct Validity Study of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(5), 637-643.
Spreitzer, G. M., Sonenshein, S. (2004). Toward a construct definition of positive deviance. The American Behavioral Scientist, 47, 828–847. doi: 10.1177/0002764203260212
Townsend, K., Wilkinson, A., Burgess, J. (2013). Filling the gaps: Patterns of formal and informal participation. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 34 337-354. doi: 10.1177/0143831X12448442
Quinn, R. W. (2007). Energizing others in work connections. In Jane E. Dutton, & Belle Rose Ragins (Eds.). Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 73−90.
Wayne, S. J. Shore L. M., Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived Organizational Support And Leader- Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective. Academy of Management Journal 40(1), 82-111. doi: 10.2307/257021
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors can retain copyright, while granting the journal right of first publication. Alternatively, authors can transfer copyright to the journal, which then permits authors non-commercial use of the work, including the right to place it in an open access archive. In addition, Creative Commons can be consulted for flexible copyright licenses.
©1999 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.