Nursing care of the patients with tracheostomy<p>Trakeostomili hastalarda hemşirelik bakımı
Keywords:
Trachesotomy concept, tracheostomy care, stoma care, nursing, Trakeostomi kavramı, trakeostomi bakımı, stoma bakımı, hemşirelik bakımı, hemşirelikAbstract
One of the primary responsibility of nursing care is maintaining and evaluating airway patency in patients. Nurses’ knowledge is have vital importance about the complications and care, when providing airway patency with an artificial way (via endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula). As the origin of the word ‘tracheotomy’ comes from the Greek and refers to the cut-off trachea. Tracheotomy is making an opening between 3. and 4. cartilage rings on the front wall of trakea to maintain airway and it is one of the oldest life- saving surgical procedures. İndications for tracheotomy operation, prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation can be listed firstly. Tracheostomy complications may occur in the weeks or months/years later following the opening of the tracheostomy. Nurses have responsibilities follow-up of prevention complications after the tracheostomy procedure. Tracheostomy nursing care of consist of; adequate and balanced nutrition, aspiration, cleaning of inner cannula, adjustment of cuff pressure (if the cannula has cuff system), prevention of peristomal skin problems and communication process.
Özet
Hastalarda hava yolu açıklığını sürdürmek ve değerlendirmek hemşirelik bakımında öncelikli sorumluluklardan biridir. Hava yolu açıklığı yapay bir yol oluşturularak sağlandığında (endotrakeal tüp veya trakeostomü kanülü ile) hemşirelerin bu işlemlerin indikasyonlarına, komplikasyonlarına ve bakımına dair tüm bilgilere sahip olması yaşamsal öneme sahiptir. Trakeotomi kavramı, köken olarak Yunanca'dan gelmektedir ve kelime olarak 'trakeanın kesilmesi'ni ifade eder. Trakeotomi, hava yolu açıklığını sağlamak amacıyla trakeanın ön duvarında 3. ve 4. kıkırdak halka hizasında açıklık oluşması için yapılan işlem olarak tanımlanır ve hayat kurtarıcı olarak bilinen yöntemlerden en eskisi olarak kabul edilir. Trakeotomi işleminin endikasyonları arasında uzamış entübasyon ve mekanik ventilasyon ilk sıralarda yer alır. Trakeostomi komplikasyonları, trakeostominin açılmasını takip eden haftalar içinde ya da aylar/yıllar sonra ortaya çıkabilir. Trakeostomi işleminden sonra hastaların takibinde ve özellikle komplikasyonların önlenmesinde hemşirelerin sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Trakesotomili hastada hemşirelik bakımı; hastaların yeterli ve dengeli beslenmesini, trakeostomi aspirasyonunu, iç kanül temizliğini, eğer kanül kaf sistemine sahipse kaf basıncının ayarlanmasını, peristomal cilt problemlerinin önlenmesini ve iletişim sürecini kapsar.
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