Evolution of organizational niches: A study on general and specialist organizations<p>Örgütsel nişlerin evrimi: Genelci ve uzman örgütler üzerine bir araştırma

Fahri Erenel

Authors

Fahri Erenel İstanbul Kemerburgaz Üniversitesi, vocational school http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-2061

Keywords:

organizations, broad scope, population ecology, scope ecology, specialist scope, structural inertial, human resources, Genelci örgütler, nüfus ekolojisi, örgütsel ekoloji, uzman örgütler, yapısal atalet

Abstract

Current research in Organizational Ecology argues that alongside positional characteristics of institutions, the scope of operations is also essential to understand routines directing firm behaviour. In order to widen their scope, firms need to discover markets outside their current niches. By operating outside their boundaries and broadening their operational areas, firms attain a set of routines which facilitate entry into new markets and thus, continue their operations more efficiently and effectively. On the other hand, despite the positional advantages of a generalist organization, niche expansions which entail a negative position and more risky organizational changes for generalist firms compared to specialist firms. This study endeavours to explain factors playing an active role during the process of becoming a generalist or specialist firm in the light of population ecology and organizational inertia theories. Primarily, related Turkish and English resources were reviewed in detail by using the method of document analysis. According to obtained data a semi-structured interview was established to attain in-depth insight from managers in firms which adopted a specialist strategy.

Özet

Örgütsel ekoloji ilgili güncel çalışmalarda, işletmenin konumsal özelliklerinin yanı sıra geniş bir faaliyet alanına sahip olmalarının da işletme davranışlarına yön veren rutinleri anlamak açısından önemli olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. İşletmelerin geniş bir faaliyet alanına sahip olabilmeleri için mevcut nişlerinin sınırları dışında yer alan pazarları da keşfetmeleri gerekir. Böylelikle geniş bir nişe sahip olan işletmeler, nişlerini daha da genişleterek, yeni pazarlara girişlerini kolaylaştıran rutin bir faaliyetler seti ile etkin ve verimli bir biçimde faaliyetlerine devam edebilirler. Bununla birlikte bu niş genişlemeleri, genelci örgütlerin geniş faaliyet alanlarının sunduğu konumsal avantaja rağmen uzman örgütlere kıyasla kendilerini dezavantajlı duruma düşüren tutum ve riskli örgütsel değişimleri de içerir. Bu çalışmada nüfus (popülasyon) ekolojisi ve yapısal atalet teorileri bağlamında işletmelerin genelci olma veya uzmanlaşma sürecinde etkin rol oynayan faktörler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle doküman analizi tekniği kullanılarak konuyla ilgili İngilizce ve Türkçe kaynaklar detaylı biçimde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerden hareketle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları oluşturularak, uzmanlaşma stratejisini benimseyen işletmelerde yönetici pozisyonunda çalışanlarla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır.

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Author Biography

Fahri Erenel, İstanbul Kemerburgaz Üniversitesi, vocational school

Asst. Prof. Human Resources Management, Manager of Vocational School

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