A mentoring program for special education teachers working with students with autism spectrum disorders in their first year of career<p> Mesleklerinin ilk yılında otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan öğrenciler ile çalışan özel eğitim öğretmenlerine yönelik bir mentorluk programı
Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorders, qualitative research, case study, enhancing teacher, mentoring, Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, nitel araştırma, vaka çalışması, öğretmen geliştirme, mentorlukAbstract
Abstract
As the quality of teachers of students with intellectual disability working with students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases, this situation positively affects special education services provided by teachers. Teachers with professional competences have an important role in their students’ progress in skill areas and participation in the society. The increase in the professional qualifications of teachers working in this area helps dealing with professional problems more easily. The support service programs offered to meet the needs of teachers, solve their problems, and promote their professional development enhance their qualifications. Support service programs such as mentoring programs, are particularly important for the classroom teachers of students with intellectual disability that teach students with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) in the early years of their profession. Especially in the first year of the profession, which is a difficult period involving many problems, classroom teachers of students with intellectual disability are provided with orientation programs with elements such as mentoring and presentation of information so as to promote their professional development and eliminate their problems so that a more favorable first-year experience is enjoyed by them. This study aimed at (a) determining the problems of teachers graduated from Education of the Mentally Disabled Program and started to work with students with ASD and (b) developing and conducting an e-mentoring program for novice teachers. The study was conducted as a case study. Participants of the study were five teachers who graduated from Education of the Mentally Disabled Program of a state university and started to work in schools where there were students with ASD. The data of the research was gathered by interviews, artifacts, metaphors and researcher diary. The data were analysed using inductive analysis technique. The results showed that in the first year of the profession, teachers graduated from Education of the Mentally Disabled Program working with children with ASD had problems in using teaching and behaviour modification methods for students with ASD and understanding various issues related to the school system. The findings of the research showed that participant teachers need mentoring programs. Finally, information on an online mentoring program that was planned and conducted by researchers in line with the needs and recommendations of participant teachers was provided. The findings were discussed in the context of literature.
Özet
Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan öğrencilerle çalışan zihin engelliler sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki olarak niteliklerinin artması, sundukları özel eğitim hizmetini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Mesleki yeterliklere sahip öğretmenler, öğrencilerinin beceri alanlarında ilerlemeleri ve topluma katılımları bağlamında önemli bir role sahiptirler. Ayrıca, bu alanda çalışan öğretmenlerin mesleki niteliklerinin artması; mesleki sorunlarla daha kolay baş etmelerini sağlamaktadır. OSB olan öğrencilerle çalışan zihin engelliler sınıf öğretmenlerine sunulan destek hizmet programları öğretmenlerin niteliklerinin artmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Özellikle, pek çok sorunların yaşandığı zor bir dönem olan mesleğin ilk yılında destek hizmet programları kapsamında, mentorluk, bilgi sunumu gibi unsurları olan işe uyum programlarıyla, OSB alanında çalışan zihin engelliler sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki gelişimleri sağlanmakta ve sorunları çözülerek ilk yılları daha olumlu geçmektedir. Bu araştırmada, mesleğinin ilk yılında OSB olan öğrencilerle çalışmaya başlayan zihin engelliler sınıf öğretmenlerinin sorunları ve sorunlarının çözümüne yönelik önerileri temelinde oluşturulan bir çevrimiçi mentorluk programının planlama ve yürütülme sürecinin incelenmiştir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum (vaka) çalışmasıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, 2012 yılında bir devlet üniversitesinin Zihin Engelliler Öğretmenliği (Z.E.Ö.) Programından mezun olup, OSB olan öğrencilerin öğrenim gördüğü okullarda çalışmaya başlayan beş öğretmendir. Araştırmanın verileri görüşmeler, süreç ürünleri, mecazlar ve araştırmacı günlüğü ile toplanmıştır. Veriler, tümevarım analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, mesleğinin ilk yılında OSB’li çocuklarla çalışan zihin engelliler sınıf öğretmenlerinin OSB olan öğrencilere yönelik öğretim ve davranış değiştirme yöntemlerini kullanma ve okul sistemine ilişkin çeşitli konuları anlama bağlamında sorunlar yaşadıklarını göstermiştir. Araştırma bulguları, katılımcı öğretmenlerin sorunlarının çözümündeki önerileri doğrultusunda, mentorluğu içeren işe uyum programlarına ihtiyaçları olduğunu göstermektedir. Son olarak araştırmada, katılımcı öğretmenlerin ihtiyaçları ve önerileri doğrultusunda, araştırmacılar tarafından planlanıp, yürütülmeye başlanan bir çevrimiçi mentorluk programına ilişkin bilgiler sunulmuştur. Bulgular alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
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