A study on self-esteem, mother, father, and peer relations as predictors of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization in high school students
Keywords:
Cyberbullying, cybervictimization, high school students, parents relationships, peer relationshipsAbstract
Cyberbullying is not a problem only based on the the adolescents’ individual characteristics, but also it is better understood by considering the other environmental characteristics such as family and peers. Fundamental aim of this research is to investigate self-esteem and relationships with mother, father and peers as predictors of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization in high school students. The study is conducted using a correlational design. Research group consisted of 1085 students (554 female, 531 male). For the analysis of research data, since the data violated the assumptions of normality, a method of nonparametric Robust Regression Analysis was used. The findings of the study unveiled that the statistical analysis. In terms of cyberbullying model, meeting the expectations of mother’s relationships were negative, the regulations of norms of father’s relationships subscale were negative and whereas the loyalty of the peer relationships subscale was positive significant predictors. In terms of cyber-victimization model, self-esteem was negative, meeting the expectations of mother’s relationships subscale were negative, in the peers relationships subscale trust and identification were negative, loyalty was positive and self- disclosure was positive significant predictors.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Arıcak O.T., Siyanhan S, Uzunhasanoğlu A, Sarıbeyoğlu S, Çıplak S, Yılmaz N, Memmedov, C. (2008). Cyberbullying among Turkish adolescents. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(3), 253-261.
Arıcak, O. T., Kınay, H., & Tanrıkulu, T. (2012). Siber zorbalık ölçeğinin ilk psikometrik bulguları. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17, 101-114.
Arıcak, O. T., Tanrıkulu, T., & Kınay, H. (2012). Siber mağduriyet ölçeğinin ilk psikometrik bulguları. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11, 1-6.
Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D.P. & Sorrentino, A. (2015). “Am I At Risk of Cyberbullying”? A narrative review and conceptual framework for research on risk of cyberbullying and cybervictimization: The risk and needs assessment approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 36-51.
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296- 3319.
Barber, B. K., Stolz, H. E. & Olsen, J.A. (2005). Parental support, psychological control and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture and method (1-20). Monographs of The Society for Research in Child Development, 70 (4), 1-151.
Batsche, G. M., & Knoff, H. M. (1994). Bullies and their victims: Understanding apervasive problem in the schools. School Psychology Review, 23 (2), 165-174.
Bayraktar. F. (2009). Ergenlerin zorba ve kurban davranışlarında birey, aile, akran ve okula dair özelliklerin rolü: Bütüncül bir model önerisi. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Boulton, M. J. & Smith, P.K. (1994). Bully/victim problems in middle-school children: Stability, self-perceived competence, peer perceptions and peer acceptance. British Journal of Development Psychology, 12, 315-329.
Brewer, G. & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255-260.
Brighi, A., G. Melotti, A. Guarini, M.L. Genta, R. Ortega, J. Mora-Merchan, P.K. Smith, and F. Thompson (2012). Self-esteem and loneliness in relation to cyberbullying in three European countries. In Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives, ed. Q. Li, D. Cross and P.K. Smith, 32–56. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as acontext for human development: Reseaech perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22, 723-742.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1995). Developmental Ecology Through Space and Time: A FuturePerspective. In Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development. P. Moen, G.H. Elder, Jr., and K. Luscher (Eds.), 619-647. Washington, D.C: APA Books.
Büyüktürk, Ş., E. Kılıç Çakmak, Ö. E. Akgün, Ş. Karadeniz & F. Demirel. (2015). Bilimsel AraştırmaYöntemleri. (19.baskı) Pegem Akademi, Ankara
Cenat, J. M., Hebert, M., Blais, M., Lavoie, F., Guerrier, M., & Derivois, D. (2014). Cyberbullying, psychological distress and self-esteem among youth in Quebec schools. Journal of Affective Disorders, 169, 7–9
.
Cross, D., Barnes, A., Papageorgiou, A., Hadwen, K., Hearn, L., & Lester, L. (2015). A social-ecological frawork for understanding and reducing cyberbullying behaviours. Aggresion and Violent Behavior, 23, 109-117.
Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1986). Adolesanlarda Benlik Saygısı. Yayınlanmış Uzmanlık Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara.
Darling, N. & Steinberg, L. (2003). Parenting styles as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113 (3), 487-496.
Dilmaç, B. & Aydoğan, D. (2010). Parental attitudes as a predictor of cyber bullying among primary school children. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences 2 (4), 227-231.
Erdur Baker, Ö., & Kavşut, F. (2007). A new face of peer bullying: Cyber bullying. Journal ofEuroasian Educational Research, 28, 31-42.
Eroğlu, Y. & Peker, A. (2015). Ergenlerde akran ilişkileri ile siber zorbalık statüleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10/11, 593-606.
Fanti, K. A., Demetriou, A. G., & Hawa, V.V.(2012) A longitudinal study of cyberbullying: Examining risk and protective factors. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9 (2), 168-181.
Fanti, K.A. & Henrich, C.C. (2014). Effects of Self-esteem and narcissism on bullying and victimization during early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 27, 1-25.
Harris, J. (1995). Where is the child’s environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Bullettin, 102, 458-489.
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2009). Emotional and psychological consequences. Cyberbullying Research Summary. www.cyberbullying.us
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J.W. (2013). Hinduja, S. and Patchin, J. (2013). Social Influences on Cyberbullying Behaviors among Middle and High School Students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 711-722.
Huang, Y., & Chou, C. (2010). An analysis of multiple factors of cyberbullying among junior high school students in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1581–1590.
Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2004). Yeni İnsan ve İnsanlar Sosyal Psikolojiye Giriş. 10.Baskı, Evrim Yayıncılık.
Kalaycı, Ş. (2006). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. 2.Baskı, Asil Yayıncılık.
Kaner, S. (2002a). Kontrol kuramına dayalı anababa ergen ilişkileri ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 1-2, 67-75.
Kaner, S. (2002b). Akran ilişkileri ölçeği ve akran sapması ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 1-2, 77-89.
Kındap, Y., Sayıl, M. F. ve Kumru, A. (2008). Anneden algılanan kontrolün niteliği ile ergenin psikososyal uyumu ve arkadaşlıkları arasındaki ilişkiler: Benlik değerinin aracı rolü. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 23(61), 92-107.
Kowalksi, R. M., & Limber, S.P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 522-530.
Kowalksi, R. M., & Limber, S.P. (2013) Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, 13-20.
Law, D. M., Shapka, J. D. & Olson, B. F. (2010). To control or not to control? Parenting behaviours and adolescent online aggression. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1651-1656.
Navarro, R., Yubero, S., Larrañaga, E., & Martínez, V. (2012). Children’s cyberbullying victimization: Associations with social anxiety and social competence in a Spanish sample. Child Indicators Research, 5(2), 281-295.
Özel, S. (2013). Lise öğrencileri arasında siber zorbalık, siber mağduriyet, depresyon ve benlik saygısı ilişkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fatih Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. (2010). Cyberbullying and sef-esteem. Journal of School Health, 80 (12), 614-621.
Pettit, G. S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E. ve Criss, M. M. (2001). Antecedents and behavior problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control. Child Development, 72, 583-598.
Sasson, H. & Mesch, G. (2014). Parental mediation, peer norms and risky online behavior among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 32-38.
Serin, H. (2012). Ergenlerde siber zorbalık/ siber mağduriyet yaşantıları ve bu davranışlara ilişkin öğretmen ve eğitim yöneticilerinin görüşleri. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi. İstanbul.
Simons-Morton, B., Chen, R., Hand, L. S. & Haynie, D. A. (2008). Parenting behavior and dolescent conduct problems: Recirocal and mediational effects. Journal of School Violence, 7 (1), 3-25.
Stevens, V., De Bourdeaudhuij, I. & Van Oost, P. (2002). Relationship of family environment to children involvement in bully/victims problems at school. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31 (6), 419-428.
Şirvanlı Özen, D. (2006). Ergenlerde akran zorbalığına maruz kalmanın yaş, çocuk yetiştirme stilleri ve benlik imgesi ile ilişkisi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 21(58), 77-94.
Tanrıkulu, T. (2013). Siber Zorbalıkla ilişkili Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi ve gerçeklik terapisi yönelimli bir müdahale programının siber zorbaca davranışlar üzerindeki etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi,Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
Taylor, S. E., Peplau, L. A. & Sears, D. O. (2007) Sosyal Psikoloji (A. Dönmez, Çev.). Ankara İmge Kitapevi.
Walrave, M., & Heirman, W. (2011). Cyberbullying: Predicting victimzation and perpetration. Children & Society, 25, 59-72.
Wang, J., Nansel, T. R. & Iannotti, R. J. (2011). Cyber and traditional bullying: Differential association with depression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48 (4), 415-417.
Yaman, E., Eroğlu, Y., & Peker, A. (2011). Başaçıkma Stratejileriyle Okul Zorbalığı ve Siber Zorbalık. Kaknüs Yayınları, İstanbul.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors can retain copyright, while granting the journal right of first publication. Alternatively, authors can transfer copyright to the journal, which then permits authors non-commercial use of the work, including the right to place it in an open access archive. In addition, Creative Commons can be consulted for flexible copyright licenses.
©1999 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.