The use of high fidelity simulation in nursing education: A literature review<p>Hemşirelik eğitiminde yüksek gerçekli simülasyon kullanimi: Literatür incelemesi
Keywords:
Nursing student, nursing education, simulation, high fidelity simulation, nursing, Hemşirelik öğrencisi, hemşirelik eğitimi, simülasyon, yüksek gerçekli simülasyon, hemşirelikAbstract
Nursing is an applied profession which requires the combination of theoretical content and practical skills in a meaningful way. Nursing education must help students internalize information, skills, attitudes, professional values and ethical standards concerning the discipline and make them a part of their behavior. Nursing education necessitates an education system which covers all cognitive, affective and psychomotor areas of learning at a level of adequacy that could get students to assume the specified roles. As well as technical skills, such skills as providing a holistic and empathic health care and communication and team cooperation must be included by this system. The main objective of nursing education is to train nurses who can combine theory and practice, think critically in the learning process and have acquired effective problem solving skills. In the educational settings of our day, different teaching technologies are employed at each stage of instruction. Many instructional methods and strategies are tried out for the improvement of information and skills in nursing education. A great majority of educational methods and strategies consists of computer aided education, simulation and distance education approaches. One of the methods employed in order for students to improve their competence in health care management and to gain perfection. It is not always possible for students to gain appropriate clinical experience because they spend less time in the clinic due to such reasons as the limited areas of clinical practice in the complex structure of health care system, shorter stays of patients in hospitals and problems concerning the education system. However, despite all these negative factors, nurses are expected to possess the ability to perform nursing skills perfectly when encountered challenging situations. Considering such restrictions, simulation based learning plays a pivotal role for nursing students studying in the constantly changing health care system to get properly prepared.
Simulation practices are considered as a significant step towards offering safe care to patients in health care services by providing a learning environment in which environmental risks are minimized. In recent years, patient stimulators that have high fidelity have attracted gradually increasing interest as en educational tool in nursing education. This review was planned with the aim of examining the results of studies carried out on the use of high fidelity simulation in nursing education. Study population consisted of 53 published studies which were reached as a result of the review of the data bases, “Pubmed” and “Science Direct” using the keywords “simulation”, “nursing”, “education”, “students” and “high fidelity” in April-May 2017. In the review, articles which were published in English and had their full texts were chosen for examinations. 23 studies meeting the criteria of the present research comprised the study sample. More than half the studies (15) included in the review cover the comparison of high fidelity simulation with another learning method. High fidelity simulation is also seen to be compared with standardized patients, traditional learning methods and moderate and low fidelity simulation. In the examination of the results of these studies most methods showed no superiority to others, but it was found that knowledge, skills and performance scores increased in the education offered using high fidelity simulation. In conclusion, in the education carried out with high fidelity simulation, increases can be observed in students’ clinical thinking and decision making, confidence, motivation and motor skills. Therefore, the use of simulation in the education of nursing students is accepted as the golden standard.
Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Hemşirelik, kuramsal içeriğin, pratik beceri ile anlamlı bir biçimde birleşmesini gerektiren uygulamalı bir meslektir. Hemşirelik eğitimi; öğrencilere belirtilen rolleri kazandıracak yeterlilikte bilişsel, duyusal ve psikomotor öğrenme alanlarını kapsayan bir eğitim sistemini gerektirmektedir. Bu sistemde teknik becerilerin yanı sıra; bütüncül ve empatik bakım verme, iletişim ve ekip işbirliği gibi beceriler de yer almalıdır. Hemşirelik eğitiminde temel amaç; teori ile uygulamayı birleştirebilen, öğrenme sürecinde eleştirel düşünebilen ve etkin problem çözme becerisi kazanmış hemşireler yetiştirmektir. Günümüzde eğitim ortamlarında, öğretim sürecinin her aşamasında farklı öğretim teknolojileri kullanılmaktadır. Eğitim yöntem ve stratejilerinin önemli bir grubunu, bilgisayar destekli eğitim, simülasyon ve uzaktan eğitim yaklaşımları oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin hasta bakım yönetiminde yeterliliğini geliştirmesi ve yetkinlik kazanması için benimsenen yöntemlerinden birisi de simülasyondur. Sağlık bakım sisteminin karmaşık yapısı içinde klinik uygulama alanlarının sınırlı olması, hastaların hastanede kalış sürelerinin kısalması ve eğitim sistemi kaynaklı nedenlerle klinikte daha az zaman geçirmeleri sonucunda öğrencilerin uygun klinik deneyim kazanabilmeleri her zaman mümkün olamamaktadır. Ancak tüm bu olumsuz faktörlere rağmen hemşirelerden zor durumlar karşısında hemşirelik becerilerini eksiksiz sergileyebilecek yeteneğe sahip olmaları beklenmektedir. Söz konusu sınırlamalar göz önüne alındığında, simülasyon temelli öğrenme, sürekli değişen sağlık bakım sistemi içinde eğitim gören hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yeterli hazırlanmasında anahtar rol oynamaktadır.
Son yıllarda gerçekliğe yakınlığı yüksek hasta simülatörleri hemşirelik eğitiminde bir eğitim aracı olarak giderek artan bir ilgiyle kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme hemşirelik eğitiminde yüksek gerçeklikli simülasyon kullanımına yönelik yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarını incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Nisan-Mayıs 2017 tarihlerinde “simülation”, “nursing”, “education”, “students”, “high fidelity” anahtar kelimeleriyle, “Pubmed” ve “Science Direct” veri tabanları taranarak yayınlanmış olan 53 çalışma oluşturmuştur. İncelemede, yayın dili İngilizce olan ve tam metni bulunan makaleler seçilmiştir. Araştırma kriterlerini karşılayan 23 çalışma derlemenin örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Derlemeye dahil edilen araştırmaların yarısından fazlası (15) yüksek gerçeklikli simülasyon ile bir diğer öğrenme yönteminin karşılatırılmasından oluşmaktadır. Yüksek gerçeklikli simülasyonun; standardize hasta, geleneksel öğrenme yöntemleri, orta ve düşük gerçeklikli simülasyon ile karşılaştırıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmaların sonuçları incelendiğinde çoğunun birbirine karşı bir üstünlüğü bulunmamış fakat yüksek gerçeklikli simülasyon ile yapılan eğitimde bilgi, beceri ve performans puanlarında artma olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak yüksek gerçeklikli simülasyon ile yapılan eğitimde; öğrencilerin klinik düşünme ve karar verme, özgüven, motivasyon ve motor becerilerinde artma görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin eğitiminde simülasyon kullanımı altın standart olarak kabul edilmektedir.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Ahn, H., ve Kim, H. Y. (2015). Implementation and outcome evaluation of high-fidelity simulation scenarios to integrate cognitive and psychomotor skills for Korean nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 35(5): 706–711.
Akhu-Zaheya, L. M., Gharaibeh, M. K., ve Alostaz, Z. M. 2013. Effectiveness of simulation on knowledge acquisition, knowledge retention, and self-efficacy of nursing students in Jordan. Clinical Simulation Nursing, 9(9): 335–342.
Alinier, G. A. (2007). A typology of educationally focused medical simulation tools. Medical Teacher, 29(8): 243–250.
Andrighetti, T. P., Knestrick, J. M., Marowitz, A., Martin, ve C., Engstrom, J. L. (2012). Shoulder dystocia and postpartum hemorrhage simulations: student confidence in managing these complications. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 57(1): 55–60.
Aqel, A. A., ve Ahmad, M. M. (2014). High-fidelity simulation effects on CPR knowledge, skills, acquisition, and retention in nursing students. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 11(6): 394–400.
Attin, M., Winslow, K., ve Smith, T. (2014). Animation shows promise in initiating timely cardiopulmonary resuscitation: results of a pilot study. Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 32(4): 166–171.
Baptista, R. C., Paiva, L. A., Gonçalves, R. F., Oliveira, L. M., Pereira, M. F., ve Martins, J. C. (2016). Satisfaction and gains perceived by nursing students with medium and high-fidelity simulation: A randomized controlled trial. Nurse Education Today, 46: 127–132.
Blum, C. A., Borglund, S., ve Parcells, D. (2010). High-fidelity nursing simulation: Impact on student self-confidence and clinical competence. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 7(1). Erişim adresi: https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijnes.2010.7.1/ijnes.2010.7.1.2035/ijnes.2010.7.1.2035.xml
Boztepe, H., ve Terzioğlu, F. (2013). Hemşirelik eğitiminde beceri değerlendirme. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1). Erişim adresi: http://e-dergi.atauni.edu.tr/ataunihem/article/view/1025007671
Broussard, L., Myers, R., ve Lemoine, J. (2009). Preparing pediatric nurses: The role of simulation-based learning. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 32(1): 4-15.
Burns, H. K, O'Donnell, J., ve Artman J. (2010). High-fidelity simulation in teaching problem solving to 1st-year nursing students a novel use of the nursing process. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 6(3): 87-95.
Chen, R., Grierson, L. E., ve Norman, G. R. (2015). Evaluating the impact of high- and low-fidelity instruction in the development of auscultation skills. Medical Education, 49(3): 276–285.
Cobbett, S., ve Snelgrove-Clarke, E. (2016). Virtual versus face-to-face clinical simulation in relation to student knowledge, anxiety, and self-confidence in maternal newborn nursing: A randomized controlled trial. Nurse Education Today, 45: 179–184.
Cooper, A. (2015). High-fidelity simulation for neonatal nursing education: an ıntegrative review of the literature. Neonatal Network, 34(6): 345-354.
Corbridge, S. J., Robinson, F. P., Tiffen, J., ve Corbridge, T. C. (2010). Online learning versus simulation for teaching principles of mechanical ventilation to nurse practitioner students. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 7(1). Erişim adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20361860
Decker, S., Sportsman, S., Puetz, L., ve Billings, L. (2008). The evolution of simulation and its contribution to competency. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 39(2): 74-80.
Edeer, A. D. ve Sarıkaya, A. (2015). Hemşirelik eğitiminde simülasyon kullanımı ve simülasyon tipleri. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 12(2): 121-125.
Fawaz, M. A., ve Hamdan-Mansour, A. M. (2016). Impact of high-fidelity simulation on the development of clinical judgment and motivation among Lebanese nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 46: 36–42.
Fero, L. J., O’Donnell, J. M., Zullo, T. G., Dabbs, A. D., Kitutu, J., Samosky, J. T., … ve Hoffman, L. A. (2010). Critical thinking skills in nursing students: comparison of simulation‐based performance with metrics. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(10): 2182-2193.
Göriş, S., Bilgi, N., ve Bayındır, S. K. (2014). Hemşirelik eğitiminde simülasyon kullanımı. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2): 25-29.
Grant, J. S., Dawkins, D., Molhook, L., Keltner, N. L., ve Vance, D.E. (2014). Comparing the effectiveness of video-assisted oral debriefing and oral debriefing alone on behaviors by undergraduate nursing students during high-fidelity simulation. Nurse Education in Practice, 14(15): 479-484.
Haut, C., Fey, M. K., Akintade, B., ve Klepper, M. (2014). Using high-fidelity simulation to teach acute care pediatric nurse practitioner students. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 10(10): 87-91.
Ignacio, J., Dolmans, D., Albert Scherpbier, A., Rethans, J. J., Chan, S., ve Liaw, S. Y. (2015). Comparison of standardized patients with high-fidelity simulators for managing stress and improving performance in clinical deterioration: A mixed methods study. Nurse Education Today, 35(12): 1161–1168.
Jansson, M. M., Syrjälä, H. P., Ohtonen, P. P., Meriläinen, M. H., Kyngäs, H. A., ve Ala-Kokko, T. I. (2016). Randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of simulation education: A 24-month follow-up study in a clinical setting. American Journal of Infection Control, 44(4): 387-393.
Khalaila, R. (2014). Simulation in nursing education: an evaluation of students' outcomes at their first clinical practice combined with simulations. Nurse Education Today, 34(2): 252–258.
Kimhi, E., Reishtein, J. L., Cohen, M., Friger, M., Hurvitz, N., ve Avraham R. (2016). Impact of simulation and clinical experience on self-efficacy in nursing students. Nurse Educator, 41(1): 1-4.
King, J. M, ve Reising, D. L. (2011). Teaching advanced cardiac life support protocols: the effectiveness of static versus high-fidelity simulation. Nurse Educator, 36(2): 62-65.
Konieczny, L. (2016). Using high-fidelity simulation to ıncrease nursing student knowledge in medication administration. Teaching and Learning in Nursing 11(4): 199–203.
Luctkar-Flude, M., Wilson-Keates, B., ve Larocque, M. (2012). Evaluating high-fidelity human simulators and standardized patients in an undergraduate nursing health assessment course. Nurse Education Today, 32(4): 448–452.
McAllister, M., Levett-Jones, T., Downer, T., Harrison, P., Harvey, T., Reid-Searl, K., … ve Calleja, P. (2013). Snapshots of simulation: creative strategies used by Australian educators to enhance simulation learning experiences for nursing students. Nurse Education in Practice, 13(6): 567-572.
Megel, M. E., Black, J., Clark, L., Carstens, P., Jenkins, L. D., Promes, J., ... ve Goodman, T. (2012). Effect of high-fidelity simulation on pediatric nursing students’ anxiety. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 8(9): 419-428.
Paige, J. T., Garbee, D. D., Kozmenko, V., Yu, Q., Kozmenko, L., Yang, T., … ve Swartz, W. (2014). Getting a head start: high-fidelity, simulation-based operating room team training of ınterprofessional students. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 218(1): 140-149.
Rhodes, L. M., ve Curran, C. (2005). Use of the human patient simülatör to teach clinical judgment skills in a baccalaureate nursing program. Computer Informatics Nursing, 23(5): 256-262.
Smith, S. J., ve Roehrs, C. J. (2009). High-fidelity simulation: factors correlated with nursing student satisfaction and self-confidence. Nursing Education Perspectives, 30(2): 74–78.
Sullivan-Mann, J., Perron, C. A., ve Fellner, A. N. (2009). The effects of simulation on nursing students' critical thinking scores: A quantitative study. Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 9(2), 111-116.
Şendir, M., ve Doğan, P. (2015). Hemşirelik eğitiminde simülasyonun kullanımı: sistematik inceleme. Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 23(1): 49-56.
Terzioğlu, F., Kapucu, S., Özdemir, L., Boztepe, H., Duygulu, S., Tuna, Z., ve Akdemir, N. (2012). Simülasyon yöntemine ilişkin hemşirelik öğrencilerinin görüşleri. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 19(1): 16-23.
Tofil, N. M., Morris, J. L., Peterson, D. T., Watts, P., Epps, C., Harrington, K. F., … ve White, M. L. (2014). Interprofessional simulation training ımproves knowledge and teamwork in nursing and medical students during ınternal medicine clerkship. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 9(3), 189-192.
Tosterud, R., Hedelin, B., ve Hall-Lord, M. L. (2013). Nursing students' perceptions of high- and low-fidelity simulation used as learning methods. Nurse Education in Practice, 13(4): 262-270.
Tuzer, H., Dinç, L., ve Elçin, M. (2016). The effects of using high-fidelity simulators and standardized patients on the thorax, lung, and cardiac examination skills of undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 45: 120–125.
Venkatasalu, M. R., Kelleher, M., ve Shao, C. H. (2015). Reported clinical outcomes of high-fidelity simulation versus classroom-based end-of-life care education. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 21(4). Erişim adresi: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25901590
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors can retain copyright, while granting the journal right of first publication. Alternatively, authors can transfer copyright to the journal, which then permits authors non-commercial use of the work, including the right to place it in an open access archive. In addition, Creative Commons can be consulted for flexible copyright licenses.
©1999 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.