The effect of Human Sigma Model on service orientation in hotel enterprises
Otel işletmelerinde İnsani Sigma Modeli’nin hizmet odaklılığa etkisi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i1.5901Keywords:
Hotel enterprises, service orientation, encounter, moments of truth, Human Sigma Model, Otel işletmeleri, hizmet odaklılık, etkileşim, kritik anlar, İnsani Sigma ModeliAbstract
Due to the structure of the hotel enterprises and the inseparability of the service, the interaction between the employee, customer and enterprise is intense. Employees and customers are affected by the service process as well as affect the process. In addition to that, employees can not be considered independent of the service as customers evaluate the service as a whole. At this point, besides the customer’s needs, the needs of the employees should be taken into consideration in the design and evaluation of the service process of the hotel enterprises. The experiences and thoughts of employees and customers should be utilized with a holistic approach. The consideration of the opinions of the employees will be effective in the service-oriented approach in the enterprises as well as the better service provision. In this context, the main purpose of this research is to explain the effect of the Human Sigma Model, which was developed by applying it to different service enterprises in the world and enables the evaluation of the opinions of employees and customers, on the service orientation.
In order to examine the effect of the Human Sigma Model on service orientation in hotel enterprises, one hotel from each of the five different hotel star categories was selected in Ankara. The Human Sigma and Service Orientation (SERV*OR) scales were applied to these five hotels. The items on these two scales had been asked to the front-line employees of hotels and the customers staying at these hotels. The data obtained from 49 front-line employees and 395 customers staying in the hotels were placed to the proper places of the related formulas of the Human Sigma Model and thus the Human Sigma values of these hotels were calculated, their places on the Human Sigma Map and the obtained results were discussed. According to the results, the one star hotel had the lowest Human Sigma value. Two and five star hotels had the equal Human Sigma values, thus they were located on the same area of the map. The Human Sigma values of the three and four star hotels were found to be greater than the other three hotel enterprises; therefore they were considered as the most effective enterprises with respect to employee- customer–enterprise interaction. When the results obtained from the hotels are examined, it is seen that although the bond between the hotel enterprises and employees-customers are not strong, the interactions and interconnections between these last two parties are strong.
After determining the Human Sigma values of the hotel enterprises and their locations on the map, a regression analysis was conducted to determine the effects of the employee and customer dimensions of Human Sigma to the service orientation. After the hypotesis testing, it was found that the employee dimension of the Human Sigma effects the service orientation, but the customer dimension of the Human Sigma has no impact on service orientation.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Otel işletmelerinin yapısı ve hizmetin ayrılmazlık özelliği gereği çalışan, müşteri ve işletme etkileşimi yoğundur. Çalışanlar ve müşteriler hizmet sürecinden etkilendikleri gibi bu süreci etkilerler. Bununla birlikte müşteriler hizmeti bütün olarak değerlendirdiğinden çalışanlar hizmetten bağımsız düşünülemez. Bu noktada otel işletmelerindeki hizmet sunum sürecinin tasarım ve değerlendirilmesinde müşteri ihtiyaçlarının yanısıra, çalışanların da ihtiyaçları göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Çalışanların ve müşterilerin deneyimlerinden ve düşüncelerinden bütüncül bir yaklaşım ile yararlanılmalıdır. Hizmeti sunan çalışanların görüşlerinin ele alınması, hizmetin daha iyi karşılanmasının yanında, işletmedeki hizmet odaklı yaklaşımın tesisinde de etkili olacaktır. Bu bağlamda, dünyada farklı hizmet işletmelerinde uygulanarak geliştirilen, çalışanların ve müşterilerin görüşlerinin birlikte değerlendirilmesine imkan sağlayan İnsani Sigma Modeli’nin hizmet odaklılığa etkisinin ortaya konması bu araştırmanın temel amacıdır.
Otel işletmelerinde İnsani Sigma Modeli’nin hizmet odaklılığa etkisini incelemek üzere Ankara’daki beş farklı yıldız statüsünden birer otel seçilmiştir. Bu beş otel işletmesinin ön alan çalışanlarına ve bu otellerde konaklayan müşterilere İnsani Sigma ve hizmet odaklılık (SERV*OR) ölçekleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan toplam 49 ön alan çalışanından ve otellerde konaklayan 395 müşteriden elde edilen veriler, öncelikle İnsani Sigma Modeli’nin ilgili formüllerine yerleştirilerek otellerin İnsani Sigma değerleri hesaplanmış, İnsani Sigma haritasındaki yerleri belirlenmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar tartışılmıştır. Buna göre, bir yıldız statüsündeki otel en düşük İnsani Sigma değerine sahiptir. İki ve beş yıldız statüsündeki otellerin değerleri birbirine eşit olduğundan haritanın aynı kısmında konumlanmışlardır. Üç ve dört yıldız statüsündeki otellerin İnsani Sigma değerleri ise diğer üç otel işletmesine göre yüksek olduğundan bu oteller çalışan, müşteri ve işletme etkileşiminin en kuvvetli olduğu işletmeler olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Otellerden elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında, çalışanların ve müşterilerin otel işletmeleri ile aralarındaki etkileşimin kuvvetli olmamasına karşın bu iki tarafın birbirleri ile etkileşimlerinin ve aralarındaki bağın kuvvetli olduğu görülmüştür.
Otel işletmelerinin İnsani Sigma değerleri ve haritadaki konumları elde edildikten sonra, İnsani Sigma çalışan ve müşteri boyutlarının hizmet odaklılığa etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Hipotez testleri sonucunda, İnsani Sigma çalışan boyutunun hizmet odaklılığını etkilediği, ancak İnsani Sigma müşteri boyutunun hizmet odaklılığa herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
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