Autism spectrum disorder and physical activity: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu ve fiziksel aktivite

Kübra Durmuş; Halil Sarol; Rıfat Kerem Gürkan

doi:10.14687/jhs.v18i4.6257

Authors

Kübra Durmuş https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-0410
Halil Sarol Kırıkkale University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1678-3244
Rıfat Kerem Gürkan Kırıkkale University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2802-9350

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v18i4.6257

Keywords:

Autism spectrum disorder, physical activity, benefits, constraints, Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, fiziksel aktivite, yararlar, engeller

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and physical activity in depth. Findings: Autism was first defined by Bleuler, but the history of autism as a term began with the founding of the first pediatric psychiatry clinic by Kanner. Later, autism was defined and revised in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in various periods before currently being expressed by criteria, ratings, and classifications. In 2013, the term autism spectrum disorder (ASD) began to be used. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ASD is a continuously increasing situation with the incidence of 1 in 54 children according to 2020 data. The increasing incidence and difficulties experienced in many areas by individuals with ASD like deficiencies

Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

Özet

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, otizm spectrum bozukluğu ve fiziksel aktivite ilişkisini derinlemesine incelemektir. Bulgular: İlk defa Beuler tarafından tanımlanan otizm teriminin; Kanner’in çocuk psikiyatri kliniğini kurması ile birlikte tarihsel süreç içerisinde kullanılmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Sonraki süreçlerde otizm özellikle Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve İstatistiksel El Kitabında (APA) çeşitli dönemlerde tanımlanmış ve çeşitli revizyonlar yapılarak günümüze gelen kriterleri, dercelendirmeleri, sınıflandırmaları ile ifade edildiği görülmektedir. 2013 yılında otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Hastalık Kontrol Önleme Merkezi’nin verileri kapsamında OSB, 2020 verilere göre 54 çocukta 1 olarak görülme sıklığı sürekli artan bir durum olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sıklığının artması ve OSB’li bireylerde yaşanan çeşitli, sözel ya da sözel olmayan iletişim davranışlarında eksiklikler, kalıplaşmış ya da kısıtlayıcı motor hareketler gibi birçok alandaki aksaklıklar bireylerin yaşamlarını olumsuz yönde etkilemekte ve fiziksel aktiviteye katılımlarında ise birer engel olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. OSB’li bireylerin her açıdan daha sağlıklı birer birey olmalarında fiziksel aktivitenin önemli bir etkisi bulunmaktadır. Sonuç: Tüm bireyler için katılımı önemli olan fiziksel aktivite, OSB’li bireylerin motor becerilerinden, psikolojik, sosyal ve aile yaşantısına kadar etki eden pek çok alanda önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu olumlu etkiler özellikle OSB’li bireylerin yaşam kalitesine önemli ölçüde etki etmektedir.

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Author Biographies

Kübra Durmuş

Kırıkkale University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports

Halil Sarol, Kırıkkale University

Assoc. Prof. Dr., Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Management

Rıfat Kerem Gürkan, Kırıkkale University

Res. Asst. Rıfat Kerem Gürkan, Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Recreation

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