Internet Banking Index as a measure of digital financial inclusion in banking
Bankacılıkta dijital finansal kapsamanın bir ölçütü olarak İnternet Bankacılığı Endeksi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v20i1.6338Keywords:
Finance, access to finance, financial inclusion, weaker segments of population, internet banking, economic development, economic growth, Finans, finansal erişim, finansal kapsama, finansal içerme, internet bankacılığı, ekonomik kalkınma, ekonomik büyümeAbstract
The impact of finance on economic growth is a longstanding debate, and there is no consensus among researchers on the results.
The effects of financial inclusion on economic development and growth are a relatively new area of discussion. Financial inclusion is a concept that includes the widespread provision of financial products to the weaker segments of society (including individuals, households, micro-small and medium enterprises, and merchants), access to and cost-effective use of these products by the weaker segments of population.
Access to financial products and their cost-effective use improve the quality of life of the weaker segments of society, enable them to perform their daily financial transactions, and create risk management and savings opportunities.
Recent developments in information and communication technologies and the widespread use of smart phones have led to the realization of banking transactions on digital platforms. The use of smart phones and other information and communication technologies in the field of finance has made mobile phones almost a bank branch.
In this study, an internet-banking index was developed to measure the effect of digital banking on financial access between 2006 and 2016. Bringing together different digital banking data, the index reveals the digitalization in the banking sector.
The rapid increase in the index created after 2008 is remarkable. It is thought that this increase is due to the increase in digitalization observed all over the world after the 2008 crisis, as well as the fact that banks gradually transfer their transactions to digital platforms as a result of the widespread use of smart phones.
Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.Özet
Finansın ekonomik kalkınma ve büyüme üzerindeki etkisi ekonomistler arasında uzun zamandan beridir tartışma konusu olmuştur. Araştırmacılar arasında önceleri finans büyüme ilişkisinin varlığı, daha sonra ise yönü konusunda devam eden tartışmalar araştırma yapılan ülkeye, çalışmanın dönemine ve uygulanan istatistiksel yönteme göre farklı sonuçlar elde edilmesiyle gelişmiştir.
Öte yandan, finansal kapsama konusu ise göreli olarak daha yakın dönemli bir araştırma konusudur. Finansal kapsama,-bireyler, hane halkları, mikro küçük ve orta boy işletmeler ve tacirler dâhil olmak üzere- zayıf toplum kesimlerinin finansal ürün ve kurumlara erişimi, bu finansal ürünlere ve finansal kurumlara serbestçe ulaşımları ve finansal ürünleri uygun bir maliyetle kullanabilmelerini içeren bir kavramdır.
Finansal ürünlere erişim ve bunların uygun maliyetle kullanımı özellikle zayıf toplum kesimlerinin yaşam kalitesinin arttırmakta, günlük finansal işlemleri yapabilmesine imkân tanımakta, risk yönetimini gerçekleştirmesine ve birikim yapabilmesine fırsat yaratmaktadır.
Son dönemlerde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde dünya çapında meydana gelen gelişmeler, akıllı cep telefonlarının kullanımının yaygınlaşması, bankacılık işlemlerinin giderek artan biçimde dijital platformlar üzerinden yapılmasını sağlamıştır. Akıllı telefonların ve diğer bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin finans alanında kullanılması cep telefonlarını adeta birer banka şubesi haline getirmiştir. Bu kapsamda, bankalar başta olmak üzere birçok finansal kuruluş giderek artan bir biçimde dijital platformlardan hizmet sunmaya başlamıştır.
Bu çalışmada, dijital bankacılığının finansal kapsama üzerindeki etkisinin ölçülebilmesi amacıyla bir internet bankacılığı endeksi geliştirilmiş ve 2006-2016 yılları arasındaki bankacılık sektörünün dijitalleşmesi gözler önüne serilmiştir. Oluşturulan endeks farklı dijital bankacılık verilerini bir araya getirmekte ve bankacılık sektöründeki dijitalleşmeyi gözler önüne sermektedir.
Oluşturulan endekste 2008 yılı sonrası dönemdeki hızlı artış dikkat çekicidir. Bu artışta 2008 krizi sonrası bütün dünyada gözlenen dijitalleşme artışının etkisi olduğu kadar, akıllı cep telefonlarının yaygınlaşması sonucu bankaların işlemlerini giderek artan bir şekilde dijital platformlara taşımalarının da etkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir.
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https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/istatistiki-raporlar/59 Erişim Tarihi : 15 Kasım 2022
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