Occupational cancer risk factors and awareness levels among air traffic controllers
Hava trafik kontrolörlerinin mesleki kanser risk faktörleri ve farkındalık düzeyleri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v21i4.6505Keywords:
Aviation, Air Traffic Controller, Cancer, Circadian Rythm, Stress, Havacılık, Hava Trafik Kontrolörü, Kanser, Sirkadiyan Ritim, StresAbstract
The aviation sector today continues to rely on human involvement despite all technological advancements. One of the most critical human factors in the industry is air traffic controllers. Air traffic controllers are essential to the operational success of the aviation industry, particularly in terms of flight safety and continuity. However, due to the nature of their job, they are exposed to factors such as stress, workload, fatigue, sleep deprivation, and electromagnetic fields, which can increase the risk of cancer, and they face serious health risks. The aim of this study is to examine the awareness of air traffic controllers regarding cancer and the occupational factors that trigger it, such as stress, fatigue, workload, shift work, circadian rhythm disorders, and exposure to electromagnetic fields. The study employs a survey method, with a sample consisting of 392 air traffic controllers working in Türkiye. The findings indicate that perceptions of stress, workload, and fatigue increase with age, with high responsibility and time pressure being identified as the most significant stress factors. Additionally, institutional factors were ranked among the other major stressors. Furthermore, all air traffic controllers identified stress, circadian rhythm disorders, and exposure to electromagnetic fields as cancer risk factors. The results also show that women have higher levels of cancer awareness and access to information compared to men, and similar trends were observed among individuals over the age of 40. In conclusion, considering the serious impact of occupational risks on health and the increase of these risks with age, the study emphasizes the need for risk management practices in line with international regulations, along with a reduction in service time to enable early retirement. Future studies should explore the specific health problems of air traffic controllers through a detailed analysis of their medical certificates, including their medical histories.
(Extended English summary is at the end of this document)
Özet
Günümüzde havacılık sektörü tüm teknolojik gelişmelere rağmen insana dayanmaktadır. Sektördeki en önemli insan unsurlarından biri de hava trafik kontrolörleridir. Hava trafik kontrolörleri havacılık sektörünün operasyonel başarısının uçuş emniyeti ve devamlılık boyutlarında temel unsurlarını oluşturmaktadır. Ancak hava trafik kontrolörleri işin doğası gereği kanseri tetikleyebilen stres, iş yükü, yorgunluk, uykusuzluk ve elektromanyetik alanlara maruz kalma gibi faktörlerden etkilenmekte ve ciddi sağlık riskleri ile yüzleşmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı stres, yorgunluk, iş yükü, vardiya ve sirkadiyen ritim bozuklukları ile elektromanyetik alanlar gibi kanseri tetikleyen mesleki faktörlerden etkilenen hava trafik kontrolörlerinin bu faktörler ile kansere ilişkin farkındalığının incelenmesidir. Çalışmada tarama yöntemi kullanılmış olup örneklem Türkiye’de görev yapan 392 hava trafik kontrolöründen oluşmaktadır. Bulgular hava trafik kontrolörlerinin stres, iş yükü ve yorgunluk algılarının yaşla beraber arttığını, yüksek sorumluluk ve zaman baskısının en önemli stres faktörü olduğunu, kurumsal faktörlerin ise diğer önemli stres faktörleri arasında üst sıralarda yer aldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca stres, sirkadiyen ritim bozuklukları ve elektromanyetik alanlara maruz kalmanın tüm hava trafik kontrolörlerince kanser için risk faktörü olarak tanımlandığı, kanser farkındalığı ve bilgiye erişim konusunda kadınların erkeklere göre daha yüksek düzeye sahip olduğu ve benzer durumun yaş grupları arasında orta yaş üzerindeki bireylerde de görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, mesleki risklerin sağlık üzerindeki ciddi etkileri ve bu risklerin yaşla artması dikkate alındığında uluslararası düzenlemelere uygun risk yönetim uygulamaları ile erken emekliliğin sağlanması amacıyla fiili hizmet sürelerinde azaltmalara gidilmesi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Sonraki çalışmalarda, hava trafik kontrolörlerinin medikal geçmişlerini içeren sağlık sertifikalarının detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilerek mesleğe özgü sağlık problemlerinin araştırılması önerilmektedir.
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